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Electronic & Remote Online Notarization (RON)

Which requirement belongs to a reliable electronic signature under Executive Law §135-c(5)(b)?

A

It must be unique to the signer, not the notary.

B

It must be retained under the notary’s sole control and linked so later alterations are detectable.

C

It must include a physical image of an embossed seal in every instance.

D

It must be filed with each county clerk before every electronic act.

Official source: Notary Public License Law (March 2026)

Reference: Executive Law §135-c(5)(b)

Source checked September 7, 2026

✓

Correct Answer

B. It must be retained under the notary’s sole control and linked so later alterations are detectable.

Detailed Explanation

Reliability focuses on control and detectability. Executive Law §135-c(5)(b) requires the notary’s electronic signature to be unique to the notary, capable of independent verification, retained under the notary’s sole control, attached to the record, and linked so later alterations are detectable. Not to be confused with a physical seal image, which is not required if a proper electronic notarial certificate is attached.

Electronic & Remote Online Notarization (RON) Question #478
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