When a person signs a document by mark ('X'), one witness must write the signer's name next to the mark. How many total witnesses must sign the document itself to validate the signature by mark?

Detailed Explanation

Signature by Mark Witness Count. According to CA Civil Code section 14 and the Notary Handbook, when a person signs by mark, the mark must be witnessed by TWO persons who must subscribe their own names as witnesses on the document. One of those two witnesses must also write the signer's name next to the mark.